UNIT 8
Guidance
And Counseling
v Interactive
Discussion , Group-Work, Sharing Of Experiences
What is Interaction?
Wagner defines interaction as “reciprocal events
that require at least two objects and two actions.
Interaction occurs
when these objects and events naturally influence one another” Therefore,
interactions do not occur only from one side, there must be a mutual influence
through giving and receiving messages in order to achieve communication.
Group
work
is a form of voluntary association of members benefiting from cooperative
learning, that enhances the total output of the activity than when done
individually. It aims to cater for individual differences, develop skills (e.g.
communication skills, collaborative skills, critical thinking skills), generic
knowledge and socially acceptable attitudes or to generate conforming standards
of behavior and judgement, a "group mind".
Group work in psychology is done with a smaller
number of participants for controlled effectiveness. It is an ethical practice
that aims to bring out a collective positive behavioral and well-being change
in the individual participants life.
generating a broad array of possible alternative
points of view or solutions to a problemgiving clients a chance to work on a
goal that might appear too large or complex for an individual allowing clients
with different backgrounds to bring their special knowledge, experience, or
skills to a project, and to explain their orientation to others giving clients
a chance to teach and contribute to each other giving clients a structured experience
so their problem solving ideas are encouraged with a set of new practice skills
applicable to their subjective environmental situations.
v Organizing Various Activities
1.
A
variety of games and sports should be provided to the students to meet their specific
needs.
2.
Games
and sports time table should be formed and regularly followed Every child
should be motivated to take part in one or the other game or sport records
3.
Indian
as well as western games and sports should be duly mentioned
4.
The
attainments of the students in the games and sports should be duly mentioned in
important
5.
Indoors
as well as outdoor games should find place in the school program
6.
In case
no playground is available to some schools, a cluser of schools may share common
playground
7.
Games fund
should be spent for games only.
8.
Games
fund should not be utilized on a few selected players.
9.
Tournaments
should be organised systemically.
Following Qualities are in Organiser
1.
Professional training
2.
Curiosity for Knowledge
3. Good
Personality
4. Qualities
of Leadership
5.
Democratic attitude
6.
Courteous and Empathetic Behavior
7.
Cooperative attitude
8.
Efficient Management
9.
Social feeling
10.
Quality of Character
11.
Self Confidence
12.
Love for Justice
13.
Faith in Ones Work
14.
Ability to take decision
15.
Command on administrative Processes
v Common Health Related Issues
1.
Physical
Activity and Nutrition
2.
Overweight
and Obesity
3.
Tobacco
4.
Substance
Abuse
5.
HIV/AIDS
6.
Mental
Health
7.
Injury
and Violence
8.
Environmental
Quality
9.
Immunization
10.
Access
to Health Care
v Health Check-Ups In School Are Important As They Help
1. To
assess normal development of the child
2. To keep
track of immunization schedule
3. Early
detection of disease / abnormalities, which when treated in time, allows the
child to lead a normal life
4.
This preventive check-up data becomes the
baseline for future reference
Referral-An act
of referring someone or something for consultation, review or further action
the directing of a patient to a medical specialist by a general practitioner.
Referral refers to the practice of helping clients find needed expert
assistance that referring counsellor cannot provide Direct the client to
another counsellor with a higher level of training no special expertise related
to clients need.
Types of Referral
1.Self-Referral
2.Parent/Family Referral
3.Management Referral
4. Teacher Referral
First aid is the first and immediate assistance
given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or
injury,with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from
worsening, or to promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a
serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as
performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while waiting for an ambulance,
as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a
plaster to a cut. A First aid is generally performed by someone with basic
medical training.
A person who gives treatment for the one
suffering from a disease or an accident to improve his condition is called an
aided and the medical treatment given as aid is called first aid.
Building a First Aid Kit
How do
I make a first aid kit?
A well-stocked first aid kit is a must-have for
treating minor injuries at home and on the go. You can buy a first aid kit or
put one together on your own. Keep your supplies in a sturdy, clear plastic box
so you can see what’s inside.
First Aid & Emergencies
First Aid For Someone Having A Seizure
First
Aid Tips
What would you do if you cut your finger while
chopping vegetables? How would handle a stovetop burn, a spider bite, or a
child’s scrape from a fall? Minor injuries happen every day, and most are easy
to treat at home. But to handle them quickly and calmly, you need to know what
to do and have the right supplies.
Building
a First Aid Kit
How do
I make a first aid kit?
A well-stocked first aid kit is a must-have for
treating minor injuries at home and on the go. You can buy a first aid kit or
put one together on your own. Keep your supplies in a sturdy, clear plastic box
so you can see what’s inside.
What should be in my first aid kit?
1.
Adhesive
tape
2.
Alcohol
wipes
3.
Allergy
medicine
4.
Aloe
vera gel
5.
Antibiotic
ointment
6.
Bandages
in different sizes
7.
Calamine
lotion
8.
Cold
packs
9.
Elastic
bandages
10.
Gauze
rolls and pads
11.
Hand
sanitizer (for your travel first aid kit)
12.Hydrocortisone cream
13.Latex-free gloves
14.Pain relievers like acetaminophen and
ibuprofen
15.
Saline
wound wash
16.Scissors and tweezers
First
Aid & Emergencies
Where Should I Store My First Aid Kit?
You don’t want to go searching for supplies when
there’s a minor accident to tend to. Your kit should be easy to find. But it
should be kept in a high, childproof cabinet, far away from kids’ prying
fingers. Keep one full-sized kit in a central spot at home, such as your
kitchen or bathroom. Then put a smaller kit in your car or purse for when
you’re on the road.
How
often should I check my first aid kit?
Items can run out if you use them often, and
medicines can expire if you rarely need them, so go through everything in your
kit, and replace any empty or out-of-date items at least once a year.
Cuts and Scrapes
How do
I treat a minor cut or scrape?
Follow
these steps to keep cuts clean and prevent infections and scars.
1.
Wash
your hands. First, wash up with soap and water so you don’t get bacteria into
the cut and cause an infection. If you’re on the go, use hand sanitizer.
2.
Stop
the bleeding. Put pressure on the cut with a gauze pad or clean cloth. Keep the
pressure on for a few minutes.
3.
Clean
the wound. Once you’ve stopped the bleeding, rinse the cut under cool running
water or use a saline wound wash. Clean the area around the wound with soap and
a wet washcloth. Don’t get soap in the cut, because it can irritate the skin.
And don’t use hydrogen peroxide or iodine, which could irritate the cut.
4.
Remove
any dirt or debris. Use a pair of tweezers cleaned with alcohol to gently pick
out any dirt, gravel, glass, or other material in the cut.
When do I need to call my doctor?
Check
with your doctor or go to the emergency room if:
1.
The cut is deep, long, or the edges are jagged.
You may need stitches and a tetanus shot.
2.
The cut or scrape is from a dirty or rusty
object. You may need a tetanus shot.
3.
The injury is from an animal or human bite.
4.
You can’t stop the bleeding with direct
pressure.
5.
You can’t get dirt out of the wound.
6.
The cut is on your face or near a joint, like on
your fingers.
7.
The skin around the cut gets red and swollen or
develops red streaks.
8.
Pus drains from the cut.
9.
You have a fever of more than 100.4 F (in either
an adult or child).
Nosebleeds
How do
I treat a nosebleed?
1.
Nosebleeds usually look a lot worse than they
are. Most of the time you can stop the flow with a few simple steps:
2.
Lean the head slightly forward, so blood doesn’t
run down the throat.
3.
With a tissue or washcloth, gently press the nostrils
together to stop the bleeding.
4.
Hold the nose for at least 5 minutes. Then check
to see if the bleeding has stopped. If it hasn’t stopped, gently squeeze for
another 10 minutes.
Call
the doctor or go to an emergency room if:
1.
The bleeding hasn’t stopped after 15 to 20
minutes or keeps starting again.
2.
The bleeding is fast and there’s a lot of blood.
3.
The bleeding is from an injury to your nose or
face.
4.
You feel faint or weak.
Splinters
How do
I remove a splinter?
Splinters are more of an annoyance than real
health problem, but if you’ve got one stuck in a finger or toe, you’ll want to
get it out. How you remove a splinter depends on how deep it is.
How do
I remove a splinter?
Splinters are more of an annoyance than real
health problem, but if you’ve got one stuck in a finger or toe, you’ll want to
get it out. How you remove a splinter depends on how deep it is.
If the
splinter is sticking out of the skin:
1.
Wash
the skin around the splinter with soap and water.
2.
Clean a
pair of tweezers with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol.
3.
Grab
the end of the splinter with the tweezers.
4.
Pull it
out at the same angle as the splinter went in.
5.
Clean
the skin again with soap and water.
6.
If the
splinter is under the skin:
7.
Wash
the skin around the splinter with soap and water.
8.
Clean a
needle and tweezers with alcohol.
9.
Gently
scrape away the skin above the splinter with the needle until you can see the
top of the splinter.
10.
Grab
the end of the splinter with the tweezers and pull it out at the same angle it
went in.
11.
Clean
the skin again with soap and water.
First
aid for heart attack
If you think someone is having a heart
attack:
1.
Have
the person sit down, rest, and try to keep calm.
2.
Loosen
any tight clothing.
3.
Ask if
the person takes any chest pain medicine, such as nitroglycerin, for a known
heart condition, and help them take it.
4.
If the
pain does not go away promptly with rest or within 3 minutes of taking
nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical help.
5.
If the
person is unconscious and unresponsive, call 911 (or your local emergency
number), then begin CPR.
6.
If an
infant or child is unconscious and unresponsive, perform 1 minute of CPR, then
call 911.
First
aid for nose bleeding
Nosebleeds are common in children and usually
aren't serious. Most stop on their own and can be cared for at home. Nosebleeds
happen more often in winter and when the air is dry.
What to
Do
Have
your child sit up with his or her head tilted slightly forward. Do not have
your child lean back — this may cause gagging, coughing, or vomiting.
Pinch
the soft part of the nose at the bottom of the nostrils for at least 10
minutes.
Get
Medical Care if Your Child:
1.
Has nosebleeds often
2.
May have put something in the nose
3.
Bruises easily or has heavy bleeding from minor
wounds
4.
Recently started a new medicine
Get
Emergency Medical Care if Bleeding:
1.
Is heavy
2.
Happens along with dizziness or paleness
3.
Continues after two or three times of applying
pressure for 10 minutes each
4.
Is the result of a blow to the head or a fall
v Projects and assignments for individual learners as well as
for group work and their record of activities.
Projects
The
range of the projects is no more limited than the life is limited, wherever the
purposeful activity induces earning there is a project. If one sets his own
personality on something, it is a project for him. It is a point of view rather
than a mere procedure or a method.
Types of Projects
1.
Problem
Method
2.
Manufacturing
projects
3.
Construction
projects
4.
Management
Projects
5.
Research
Projects
Assignment-Assignment
is a piece of work given to someone, typically as part as part of their studies
or jobs.
Types of assignment
1.
Preparatory
Assignments
2.
Study
Assignments
3.
Revisional
assignments
4.
Remedial
Assignments
Projects can be off topic but assignments are
generally within the curriculum. Projects are group task assignments are also
acts. Evaluation through assignments is cashier which projects can mask.
Projects can hands on learning written
assignments follow a textbook approach Projects enhance demonstrative
capability, assignments show writing skills. Assignment improves the knowledge
of a particular subject. Helps to develop presentation skills. Improve time
management skills Care should taken while giving Project or assignment
1.
Interesting
and appealing
2.
Naturally
grow out the lesson
3.
Quite
clear
4.
Motivating
5.
Goal
Oriented
6.
Designed
worked out cooperating
7.
Specific
a definite
8.
Simple
and clear language
9.
Creating
mental activity for different objectives.
Guiding
them in the organization of Games and Sports
1.
Types
of Activity
2.
Season
3.
Duration
4.
Equipment
and Ground
5.
Official
6.
Finance
Methods
of organising of Games and Sports
1.
Knockout
System-Single Knockout, Consolation Type, Double Knockout. Bangnall wind
knockout
2.
League
or Round Robin Method-Single League, Double League
3.
Combination
Tournament-Knockout cum Knockout, Knockout League, League cum League, League
cum knockout.
4.
Challenge
Tournament- Ladder, Pyramid
Demonstration-
Demonstration is the act showing someone how to do something or how
something works.
Ex. Power point Presentation, Diagram, Posters
etc.
Yog
Means-
1.
To
Engage
2.
To get
involved
3.
To
participate
4.
To
connect
Care
during Demonstration of yogic activities
1.
Expert
in Yoga activity
2.
Different
types of Yoga
3.
Proper
Place for Yoga
4.
Age and
capacity for learning Yoga activities
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